Variations in discharge and temperature of mineral springs at the Františkovy Lázně spa,Czech Republic,during a nearby earthquake swarm in 1985/1986     

V. Stejskal  J. Málek  O. Novotný 《Studia Geophysica et Geodaetica》2008,52(4):589-606

The western part of the Bohemian Massif (West-Bohemia/Vogtland region at the Czech-German border) is characterized by relatively frequent intraplate earthquake swarms and by other manifestations of present-day geodynamic activity. During the strong earthquake swarm at the turn of the years 1985 and 1986, significant changes in mineral spring parameters were observed at the spa of Františkovy Lázně. In this study, we present all available data on the mineral springs parameters, and we discuss them in terms of relations to seismic activity. Some changes in discharge were very distinct, amounting up to 40%, and had a co-seismic character. The changes in temperature were less noticeable, but preceded the beginning of the swarm by several months. Some hydrological changes persisted for nearly two years after the earthquake swarm. The character of the observed changes seems to support the hypothesis on an injection of mantle fluids, in particular of CO₂, as the main triggering mechanism of the earthquake swarm and the main cause of discharge anomalies.  相似文献   

A model for radial dike emplacement in composite cones based on observations from Summer Coon volcano,Colorado, USA   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Michael P. Poland  William P. Moats  Jonathan H. Fink 《Bulletin of Volcanology》2008,70(7):861-875

We mapped the geometry of 13 silicic dikes at Summer Coon, an eroded Oligocene stratovolcano in southern Colorado, to investigate various characteristics of radial dike emplacement in composite volcanoes. Exposed dikes are up to about 7 km in length and have numerous offset segments along their upper peripheries. Surprisingly, most dikes at Summer Coon increase in thickness with distance from the center of the volcano. Magma pressure in a dike is expected to lessen away from the pressurized source region, which would encourage a blade-like dike to decrease in thickness with distance from the center of the volcano. We attribute the observed thickness pattern as evidence of a driving pressure gradient, which is caused by decreasing host rock shear modulus and horizontal stress, both due to decreasing emplacement depths beneath the sloping flanks of the volcano. Based on data from Summer Coon, we propose that radial dikes originate at depth below the summit of a host volcano and follow steeply inclined paths towards the surface. Near the interface between volcanic cone and basement, which may represent a neutral buoyancy surface or stress barrier, magma is transported subhorizontally and radially away from the center of the volcano in blade-like dikes. The dikes thicken with increasing radial distance, and offset segments and fingers form along the upper peripheries of the intrusions. Eruptions may occur anywhere along the length of the dikes, but the erupted volume will generally be greater for dike-fed eruptions far from the center of the host volcano owing to the increase in driving pressure with distance from the source. Observed eruptive volumes, vent locations, and vent-area intrusions from inferred post-glacial dike-fed eruptions at Mount Adams, Washington, USA, support the proposed model. Hazards associated with radial dike emplacement are therefore greater for longer dikes that propagate to the outer flanks of a volcano.  相似文献   

Research on the Application of Time Structure Variation Analysis to the Jiashi-Bachu Earthquake Swarm Sequence     

Yang Xin  Long Haiying  Shangguan Wenming  Nie Xiaohong 《中国地震研究》2008,22(3):251-264

In 1997 - 2003, 27 earthquakes with M≥ 5.0 occurred in the Jiashi-Bachu area of Xinjiang. It was a rare strong earthquake swarm activity. The earthquake swarm has three time segments of activity with different magnitudes in the years 1997, 1998 and 2003. In different time segments, the seismic activity showed strengthenin-qguiet changes in various degrees before earthquakes with M ≥ 5.0. In order to delimitate effectively the precursory meaning of the clustering （strengthening） quiet change in sequence and to seek the time criterion for impending prediction, the nonlinear characteristics of seismic activity have been used to analyze the time structure characteristics of the earthquake swarm sequence, and further to forecast the development tendency of earthquake sequences in the future. Using the sequence catalogue recorded by the Kashi Station, and taking the earthquakes with Ms≥ 5.0 in the sequence as the starting point and the next earthquake with Ms = 5.0 as the end, statistical analysis has been performed on the time structure relations of the earthquake sequence in different stages. The main results are as follows： （1） Before the major earthquakes with M ≥ 5.0 in the swarm sequence, the time variation coefficient （δ-value） has abnormal demonstrations to different degrees. （2） Within 10 days after δ= 1, occurrence of earthquakes with M ≥ 5.0 in the swarm is very possible. （3） The time variation coefficient has three types of change. （4） The change process before earthquakes with M5.0 is similar to that before earthquakes with M6.0, with little difference in the threshold value. In the earthquake swarm sequence, it is difficult to delimitate accurately the attribute of the current sequences （foreshock or aftershock sequence） and to judge the magnitude of the follow-up earthquake by δ-value. We can only make the judgment that earthquakes with M5.0 are likely to occur in the sequence. （5） The critical clustering characteristics of the sequence are hierarchical. Onl  相似文献   

对地震预报的科学思考(二)——前兆观测研究及加强地震综合预报研究的方向和重点   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

陈章立  李志雄 《地震》2008,28(2):1-16

根据浅源地震发生的物理实质和孕震物理过程的主要特征,把地震前兆观测的努力方向概括为"把握实质,优选项目;靠近震源,合理布局",并把地震前兆分为两类:第一类为"直接前兆",主要包括地震活动、地壳形变和地下流体等;第二类为"次生前兆",主要包括地电阻率、地磁和动物习性行为等。文中认为,为推进地震预报研究的深入和预报水平的提高,必须牢牢把握浅源地震发生的物理实质,推进地震预报理论、方法的创新;必须推进地震和前兆观测技术,尤其传感技术的创新,并调整、优化地震监测台网;必须正确认识预报经验的科学性与局限性,重视地震预报经验正确的继承与发展。  相似文献   

华安汰内水氡井近震映震能力分析   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  

方宏芳 《华南地震》2008,28(1):101-107

通过对华安汰内观测井1987年以来的氡值资料及近震映震能力的分析,发现震前明显突跳异常的近震震中近北西向展布在福安—南靖断裂两侧,结合区域地质构造背景,探讨了这种现象发生的原因。  相似文献   

Geology,mineralogy and geochemistry of the Kekem dyke swarm (Western Cameroon): Insights into Paleozoic–Mesozoic magmatism and geodynamic implications     

Depesquidoux Tchato Tchaptchet  Nicole Armelle Simeni Wambo  Noël Aimé Keutchafo Kouamo  Jean-Pierre Tchouankoué  Ciro Cucciniello 《Comptes Rendus Geoscience》2017,349(4):175-185

The broadly N70°–90°E-trending dykes swarm at Kekem cut across the Paleoproterozoic-to-Achean terranes of West Cameroon remobilized during the Pan-African orogeny. They are picrite basalts and basalts with tholeiitic/transitional affinity, as shown by mineralogical and geochemical data, with variable major and trace element contents, MgO ranges from 7.3 to 12.4 wt.%, Cr from 190 to 411 ppm, Ni from 15 to 234 ppm. All the dykes are light REE enriched with La_N/Yb_N values of 5.3–8.1, suggesting a co-magmatic origin. They originated from a 2.8% partial melting of a spinel-mantle source with no or little crustal input. The geochemical features of Kekem dykes are similar to those of Paleozoic and Mesozoic dykes recorded in North and Central Africa, suggesting multiple reactivations of pre-existing fractures that resulted in the fragmentation of western Gondwana and the opening of Central and South Atlantic Oceans.  相似文献   

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刘杰  张永志  王宏宇  山锋 《大地测量与地球动力学》2010,30(5):28-31

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中国中东部地震台站噪声互相关函数中面波前驱信号的分析研究   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

王伟涛  倪四道  王宝善 《地球物理学报》2012,55(2):503-512

利用中国中东部地震台网中430个宽频带台站2008和2009两年的垂直分量记录,我们计算了台站对之间的噪声互相关函数(Noise Cross-correlation Function,NCF).在相当多的NCF中,沿大圆路径传播的瑞利面波信号之前存在一个较强的前驱信号,该信号持续时间约50 s,频率范围为0.07~0.12 Hz.此信号在同一台站对的NCF中稳定存在、到时相同,而在不同台站对的NCF中到时不一致,这表明该信号可能源于一个固定的较小区域内持续存在的噪声源.基于格点搜索方法的定位结果显示该噪声源位于日本九州岛附近,其激发出的信号传播速度约2.7 km/s.假定该信号由一点产生,我们计算了合成地震图,合成地震图与观测到的前驱信号基本一致,验证了定位结果的可靠性.此噪声源会对特定路径上的面波信号产生干扰,在相关研究中需要采取一定措施避免.该噪声源的物理机制有待于进一步的研究.  相似文献   

南方持续低温冻雨事件预测的前期信号   总被引：9，自引：2，他引：7       下载免费PDF全文

钱维宏  张宗婕 《地球物理学报》2012,55(5):1501-1512

1960-2008年冬季期间,中国南方发生了23次低温冰冻(冻雨)天气事件,其中满足站日数大于10的事件有11次.2008年初中国南方发生了一场影响巨大的区域持续性低温冻雨天气事件,2011年初再次发生了类似的区域持续性低温冻雨事件.提前5天预报这类极端事件是国内外大气科学面临的难题.利用去逐日气候变化后的逐日850 hPa温度扰动,可以提前3~10天发现中国南方持续低温雨雪冰冻(冻雨)事件发生的信号.2008年初和2011初,影响中国南方的850 hPa冷空气扰动具有源地和路径相似性,它们都来自北非-中东并绕过青藏高原北侧到达中国南方,在对流层大气中形成"冷-暖-冷"的温度垂直结构.通过对欧洲中期天气预报模式产品中850 hPa温度扰动的相似性分析,成功地提前4~9天实际预报出了2011年初的中国南方低温冻雨天气过程.  相似文献   

二维磁异常的粒子群快速成像方法及其应用     

曾琴琴  王永华  吴文贤 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2013,43(2):616-622

通过将地下介质划分为一定规模的网格单元,并构造一个与磁性体中心网格位置有关的指数函数模拟地下介质磁性分布特征,利用粒子群算法反演该函数参数,根据求得的函数表达式,推算各网格单元磁化强度,由此实现磁化强度的快速成像。理论模型试验显示:该方法不仅能将一个求解20×10网格规模的物性分布问题简化为求解指数函数的10个参数值的问题;而且,当在不同模型地质体磁异常中加入20%的随机噪声时,也能取得理想的效果,且需要调整的参数少,算法通用性强。利用该算法处理老挝爬立山铁矿区某磁测剖面,得到厚度近140 m的强磁性体;钻孔证实,实际钻遇矿体累积最大厚度达130.6 m,且矿体中心与成像中心相对应:由此证明该方法应用于实际资料处理与解释的可行性和有效性。  相似文献